The International Journal for Digital Art History
The peer-reviewed journal seeks to gather current developments in the field of Digital Art History worldwide and to foster discourse on the subject both from Art History and Information Science.
Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of art-historical research and cultural discourse: from the creation of digital images with the use of transformer models, such as Dall-E and Midjourney, to the analysis of large data sets of images with the use of neural networks. Scholarly written analysis is also shifting with the use of ChatGPT and other language models.
Now is a critical time for the field of Digital Art History to reflect and respond to the uses and applications of data with these computational methods. While AI inquiry offers many potential avenues for rethinking art historical research, without careful consideration algorithms also risk ethical pitfalls.
Though there has been fervent discussion around AI tools intersecting with art production, as well as a long history of tool development for image recognition and analysis, this issue seeks to further the conversation in response to the recent influx of scholarly engagement with AI and art-historical scholarship.
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This article presents a solution for the sustained use of a legacy database by means of data curation based on the example of a research project undertaken by the German Center for Art History Paris (DFK Paris).
This paper explores how taking the catalogue raisonné as generative digital scholarship imbues old structures with new meaning, wherein the chronology of historical events can change shape across time.
Issue 9: “Dear Chat GPT, Give Us a Title!” Responsiveness and Responsibility in times of AI
Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of art-historical research and cultural discourse: from the creation of digital images with the use of transformer models, such as Dall-E and Midjourney, to the analysis of large data sets of images with the use of neural networks. Scholarly written analysis is also shifting with the use of ChatGPT and other language models. Now is a critical time for the field of Digital Art History to reflect and respond to the uses and applications of data with these computational methods. While AI inquiry offers many potential avenues for rethinking art historical research, without careful consideration algorithms also risk ethical pitfalls. Though there has been fervent discussion around AI tools intersecting with art production, as well as a long history of tool development for image recognition and analysis, this issue seeks to further the conversation in response to the recent influx of scholarly engagement with AI and art-historical scholarship.
This issue’s cover features original artwork by Sean Capone from the series ZOMBIE PUNX: The Weird Sisters (2022).
In this work we ask: how should GLAMs account for the emergence of AI-driven experiences built upon GLAM datasets?
AI has the potential to transform the art world and the way artists work and produce. However, working with and understanding AI, as a creation tool, raises a series of questions in relation to its internal functioning, its ethical implications, and how human critical capacity intervenes in the man-machine creative process.
The promise of AI is great, but so are the ethical and intellectual issues it raises.
We present a web application that facilitates multimodal search within institutional image collections using current-generation machine learning models like CLIP.
Issue 9 Subsection: The Art Museum in the new Hybridity
Departing from the cultural impacts of physical museums, this article explores two significant virtual benefits of online digitized art collections.
This article presents a solution for the sustained use of a legacy database by means of data curation based on the example of a research project undertaken by the German Center for Art History Paris (DFK Paris).
This paper explores how taking the catalogue raisonné as generative digital scholarship imbues old structures with new meaning, wherein the chronology of historical events can change shape across time.
Special Issue 8: The Digital Image
The Priority Program “The Digital Image,” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), combines projects from a multiperspectival point of view and addresses the central role that the image plays in the process of the digitization of knowledge in theory and practice. The research cluster consists of 12 projects from various disciplines, including computer science, archaeology, European and Asian art history, media studies and ethnology. By placing the subject matter within a broader methodological and cultural horizon, the cluster aims to bridge possible gaps between different cultures.
In this special issue, all 12 projects introduce – in brief presentations – their goals and research questions. This provides an overview of the various approaches to, and research on, the overarching topic of the Digital Image. It serves as a starting point for further investigations and underlines the collective approach, bringing together researchers and disciplines.
Issue 7: ZONAS DE CONTACTO – ART HISTORY IN A GLOBAL NETWORK?
Digital technologies have catalyzed globalization; yet, the precarity of global networks has become increasingly apparent in the face of pandemics and climate change. International collaboration often reveals deep disparities in access, infrastructure, and institutional resources. The profound (and sometimes disorienting) effect of automated computation on everyday life can only be properly understood within historical frameworks that articulate the interplay between technological mediation and the production of history. But this oft-repeated point begs the question: Who has the privilege to write these histories, and how?
These political and technological challenges provide a unique opportunity for an extended dialogue on innovation in digital art history outside the English-speaking research clusters that dominate the discourse of the field. This bi-lingual issue is in collaboration with with H-ART. Revista de historia, teoría y crítica de arte to present digital art historical research from the Spanish-speaking world, broadly defined. It foregrounds novel approaches and digitization strategies, new models for canonicity and classification, and ongoing challenges/barriers to research and innovation.
For DAHJ, this issue’s cover features original artwork by Sofia Crespo from the series Neural Zoo (2018/2019).
This article explores the artist’s relationship with Nature and her experience of Nature as a form of digital “consumption”.
In this article we examine four international artists whose art has its origin in everyday life and its concerns. The story of this art should be rewritten in terms of a historiography of the average underprivileged person, who does not reap the benefits of a discriminatory economy.
Internet connectivity is the feature of media culture that enables the coexistence of image spam. This essay offers an account of the infrastructure of connectivity as the physical basis for information technologies in order to situate the pathways, the context, the way of being, and the errors of image spam.
In this article we reflect on the need to create repositories for information about art practice in a location regarded as marginal to the Mexican and Latin American art worlds, through digital technologies and open source digital resources.
This article outlines some reflections about digital reality, contemporary art production, and possible ways of archiving and constructing memory through and for a historiography of contemporary art in light of the project Archivo Español de Media Art / Spanish Archive of Media Art (AEMA/SAOMA).
In this multi-authored essay, thirteen participants in the 2019-2022 Getty Advanced Workshop on Network Analysis + Digital Art History (NA+DAH) discuss their experiences learning and working together at the intersection of these two fields of inquiry.
Issue 6: Horizons of Mixed Realities
Digital Art History responds to cutting edge scholarship concerning extended reality technologies. Today, mixed reality is poised to be just as transformative as analog film and photography, which radically reorganized many domains of modern life (including communication, science, politics, and art). This potential has become increasingly apparent in the face of our current global pandemic, wherein virtual landscapes have begun to serve as critical contact zones for practitioners of social distancing.
Visual culture holds important clues about the meanings of the uncanny in modern, postmodern, and posthuman thinking. This essay traces the role of these concepts in art history, focusing especially on the period following 1970, when roboticist Masahiro Mori used the phrase “uncanny valley” to describe the profound discomfort triggered by near-perfect human likeness.
Today, AR apps for museums, archives, and cultural heritage sites enjoy increasing popularity among visitors and institutions alike. While such apps make a significant impact on our engagement with cultural memory and narratives, these AR projects are usually discussed either in isolation or as a part of a larger consideration of the contemporary culture of digital heritage.
This article explores this use of immersive technology through an account of the author’s digital art history and cultural preservation project, Virtual Venice.
Aldo Rossi composed the famous collage known as Analogous City for the Venice Biennale in 1976. This text presents a visual study of the collage through both physical and digital means: a mobile app works in conjunction with a reprint of the Analogous City in the format of a city map.
Two early modern prints that represent Venice—Jacopo de’ Barbari’s View of Venice, ca. 1500, and Ludovico Ughi’s Iconographica rappresentatione della inclita città di Venezia, 1729— were the focal points of two interactive, multimedia exhibitions at Duke University in 2017 and 2019. This article describes the AR displays within the exhibitions and presents the results of visitor interaction based on anonymous data and observation.
In the field of automated image recognition, computer vision or artificial ‘intelligence,’ the ImageNet data collection plays a central role as a training dataset. For the research project Training The Archive, which aims to make digital humanities methods available for the curating of art, the extent to which ImageNet influences the software prototype The Curator’s Machine is discussed.
Paintings can be used as a point of departure for a wide range of digitally-based copies of their material and visual components, a phenomenon described as the visual culture of painting. By employing Greimas’ square, this article explores how computer-aided reproductions of paintings can be differentiated, distributed, and described according to their basic formal qualities from digital photography and analytical imaging to 3D-printed versions.
This article is making an advocacy for including Digital Literacy into the traditional Art History curriculum and explains how it can be defined and what Digital Literacy could entail for the BA and MA curriculum.
Issue 5: History of Digital Art
Digital Art History researches the impact of new technologies on art history. It reflects upon the possibilities and opportunities of digital tools for art historical research. In contrast, the history of digital art deals with artistic practice and its continual engagement with computational media, as well as the Internet. However, both of these fields have been shaped by the interactions between art and information science. For this reason, the artistic engagement with these tools must be considered as a crucial vector within the expanded field of Digital Art History.
The multifaceted history of digital art has also entailed an evolution of understanding the complex relationships between the material and immaterial in the digital medium.
This article examines the lesser-known history of artistic self-representation in digital art, from the beginning of computer art to the present day.
In discussing selected digital exhibition formats from the 1990s until today, the article illustrates how the genre has evolved in response to technological changes and concepts of democratization as well as user involvement.
Media artist Claudia Hart discusses with Tina Sauerlaender her work, career and how we are experiencing a crisis of truth.
In this essay, the authors give an overview of the 1992 "Piazza Virtuale" project, outline the division of labor between the two project partners, introduce applied theoretical frameworks, and describe in detail the archival approach and research methods that they have employed so far.
Maria Dondero’s recent publication, The Language of Images: The Forms and the Forces, extends arguments formulated within the tradition of visual semiotics to develop focused discussion of three concepts: the materiality of the substrate of images, the force of enunciation in visual analysis, and the metavisual as an approach to aggregate images and corpora.
When visual analysis is not sufficient to distinguish moldmates, three features of the mold’s wire mesh can be quantitatively analyzed using image processing techniques: watermark shape and placement, chain line intervals, and laid line density, for which a new method of analysis is introduced here.
In this paper, we analyze two bodies of literature—art market research within art history and art market research within cultural economics—to assess their respective approaches and methodological distance.
This paper introduces a visualization technique designed to uncover iconographic patterns prevalent within a collection while at the same time allowing close viewing of these particular details.
When visual analysis is not sufficient to distinguish moldmates, three features of the mold’s wire mesh can be quantitatively analyzed using image processing techniques: watermark shape and placement, chain line intervals, and laid line density, for which a new method of analysis is introduced here.
Issue 4: Transformation of InstiTutions
Digital Art History is often described as a methodological addition to Art History. Moreover, it includes a profound transformation of its institutional framework: server rooms replaced the slide libraries as the former center of art historical departments, museums are concerned with digitizing their collections and making them accessible via virtual exhibitions, and conservators facing challenges preserving digital art with its soft– and hardware.
This speculative fiction narrates the experience of a virtual museum environment in the near future.
In the exchanges between past and present, knowledge and narratives, re-imagined aesthetic relationships and rendered environments, there seems to be missing a queer criticality of the digital repertoire.
The technological progress of the past decades has had a transformative effect on both cultural institutions and academic research.
This article intends to define two of the most relevant online resources typologies in art museums, the online exhibition and the online publication. The aim of it is to discuss and understand the importance of rethinking traditional typologies in the digital age.
This article argues that we should focus not on the digital or the computer, but instead on the dynamic interrelationship between the institutions and domains responsible for the management of art historical information and those of the production of art historical knowledge.
The software is designed primarily for those researchers working with large image datasets in fields where human visual expertise cannot be replaced with or superseded by machine vision, such as art history and media studies.
This paper creates a conceptual frame and explanatory point of reference for the collection of papers presented at the exploratory workshop “Data Science for Digital Art History: Tackling Big Data Challenges, Algorithms, and Systems” organized at the KDD 2018 Conference in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery held in London in August 2018.
The digital medium allows visitors, curators and art historians to gain new insights into their collections through data analysis and rich, interactive visualizations. Motivated by the rise of large-scale cultural heritage collections that have emerged on the Web, we argue that Formal Concept Analysis can be used to highlight the relationships between objects and their features within digital art collections and provide a means for visitors to explore these collections via interactive, narrated pathways.
This paper describes an intervention that seeks to combine the qualitative with the quantitative through collaborative research, expressive structured data, and a human-centered and participatory approach to the ‘knowledge graph’.
This summary is a short overview of a roundtable discussion that took place at the Renaissance Society of America on the topic of the structure and organization of a Digital Humanities curriculum.
Issue 3: Digital Space and Architecture
Art history is centrally concerned with a vast array of three-dimensional objects, such as sculptures, and spaces, such as architecture. Digital technologies allow the creation of virtual spaces, which in turn allow us to simulate and compare aspects of a visual culture’s three-dimensional timespace that cannot be communicated as a single, still image. The third issue, thus, focusses on the third dimension in art history, and the digital realm that continues to mediate and transform it.
Art History is much more than a discipline of flat, 2D images. Even digital image atlases and metapictures often surpass the limitations…
As data storage, computational processing power, and retrieval costs diminish, many traditional technologies of data-compression are becoming obsolete.
CyArk is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to digitally documenting and preserving world heritage.
Digital 3D reconstruction methods have been widely applied to support research and the presentation of historical objects since the 1980s…
Digital 3D reconstruction methods have been widely applied to support research and the presentation of historical objects since the 1980s…
A range of disciplinary approaches were surveyed with regard to methods and techniques developed to deal with uncertainty.
This essay explores current possibilities and limits of computational techniques applied to the cultural and historical studies of images.
Sustained dialogue and collaborative work between art historians and technologists has a great deal to offer both fields of inquiry.
This article responds to two issues affecting the field of contemporary art history: digital technology and the so-called computational turn in the humanities.
The History of Art is in the midst of its own big bang.
The Summer School on Digital Art History (DAHSS) is an ongoing joint initiative of the University of Málaga and the University of California, Berkeley.
A highly interdisciplinary field such as digital art history requires specialized skills.
Issue 2: VIsualizing Big Image data
Big Data and Big Image Data (BID) open up tantalizing new vistas to the art historian. BID as a sub-category or – better yet – an extension of Big Data affords the possibility of processing and analyzing massive amounts of visual material using computational methods. BID will provide art historians with a whole new set of analytic tools, adding new tonal range to our discipline without discarding any of the traditional art historical methods.
Big Image Data adds a new tonal range to our discipline without discarding any of the traditional art historical methods.
As a myriad of new artefacts veils the view into the past, like city lights covering the night sky, it is easy to forget that there is more than one Starry Night…
George Legrady is one of the pioneers who examine artistically the visual outcome of algorithms by creating new forms of visualizations and 3D installations.
New technology calls for a new definition of the role of the art historical researcher and the tools being used.
With the availability of large collections of digitized artworks comes the need to develop multimedia systems to archive and retrieve this pool of data.
By extending the methodology of media archaeology to the praxis of Cultural Analytics/Media Visualization the author asks how to compare a multitude of diverse images.
The development of a professionalized, highly centralized printmaking industry in northern Europe during the mid-sixteenth century has been argued to be the inevitable result of prints' efficacy at reproducing images…
The project presented here, Gugelmann Galaxy, lets the user explore an entire collection of digitized images and their textual metadata in an immersive three-dimensional cloud.
Direct visualizations of image data make use of the images in their original visible format.
A case study on digital representation of the art historical research and metadata brought together for a scientific collection catalogue by the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg.
Review of the summer school for digital art history organized by the Computer Vision Group Heidelberg.
The Wired! group at Duke University began to offer workshops in 2009, and since 2012 these have been taught on site at Venice International University.
Issue 1: What is digital art history?
The Digital Age has revolutionized economy, society, and our private lives. For decades now, digitalization has also touched most branches of the humanities. With the rising importance of the so called digital humanities, art history ist about to change significantly. Thus, the “International Journal for Digital Art History” (DAHJ) will give authors in this field the opportunity to reach a wider audience, spark a discussion on the future of our discipline and generate an international and interdisciplinary network of scholars and practitioners.
Digital art history is a field and discourse rife with crossings, interjections, and transitions…
This article presents a number of core concepts from data science that are relevant to digital art history and the use of quantitative methods to study any cultural artifacts or processes in general.
Richard Johnson explains to Park Doing how he was entering the world of art history, museums, curators, and conservators.
The past five years have witnessed a growing interest amongst art historians in the potential of digital projects to impact, if not transform, the discipline.
This paper offers a few reflections on the origins, historiography and condition of Digital Art History.
The aim of this essay questions the role of the framing device in the context of image appropriation and critical interpretation of visual documents.
With reference to the concept of distant reading in literary history, distant viewing is a valuable analogy for a quantitative approach to art history.
Has human beauty always been perceived in the same manner?